Checked against UN INCB controlled substance lists and Japan rules.
Japan's Narcotics Control Department states plainly that tramadol is not a narcotic, and it does not appear on the controlled substances list. That makes it an ordinary prescription medicine: up to one month's supply without an import certificate. Several Gulf states take the opposite view, so a traveller routing through Dubai or Riyadh faces a different rule on the same pills.
Check the permitted quantity and formulation before you pack. Carry the prescription and original packaging.
Official source for Japan: www.mhlw.go.jp
Original labelled packaging, the prescription, and a letter naming the active ingredient in generic form — control lists are written in generic names, not brands. What the letter must say. And the destination’s own procedure.
Not legal or medical advice. Rules change and depend on dose, form and quantity. Always confirm with the Japan embassy or health authority before you fly. We never tell you a medicine is "safe" to carry.